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Document Description
Title
Dietary
fat
intake
during
pre-
and
post-weaning
time
period
and its
association
with the
onset
of
cardiovascular
diseas
in the
offspring
Author
Chechi
,
Kanta
,
1982-
Description
Thesis
(Ph.d.)--Memorial
University
of
Newfoundland
,
2010.
Biochemistry
Date
2010
Pagination
xx, 259 leaves
Subject
Cardiovascular
system--Diseases--Animal
models;
Cardiovascular
system--Diseases--Nutritional
aspects;
Mice--Nutrition;
Mice--Pregnancy;
Degree
Ph.D.
Degree Grantor
Memorial University of Newfoundland. Dept. of Biochemistry
Discipline
Biochemistry
Language
Eng
Notes
Includes
bibliographical
references
(leaves
202-257)
Abstract
The
'fetal
origins'
of
cardiovascular
disease
(CVD)
hypothesis
proposes
that
maternal
nutritional
environment
during
pregnancy
can
play
an
important
role
in
determining
the
cardiovascular
health
of an
individual
in
adult
life.
A
typical
Western
diet
is
rich
in
dietary
fats
, a
fact
that has been
linked
to the
increased
prevalence
of
CVD.
In
addition
to the
quantity
of
fat
, the
quality
of
fat
is
also
known
to
affect
the
development
of
CVD.
Whilst
an
increased
consumption
of
saturated
fatty
acids
(SFA)
has been
associated
with
higher
incidence
of
CVD
, a
diet
rich
in
polyunsaturated
fatty
acids
(PUFA)
has been
suggested
to
lower
the
risk
of
developing
CVD.
Considering
that
nutrition
patterns
are
shifting
towards
a
higher-fat
Western
diet
globally
,
it
is
of
interest
to
understand
the
role
of a
high-fat
maternal
diet
in the
fetal
origins
of
CVD.
The
current
thesis
was
designed
to
understand
the
role
of the
quantity
, as
well
as the
quality
, of
maternal
dietary
fat
intake
during
pregnancy
, in the
fetal
origins
of
CVD
in the
adult
offspring.
In
addition
, the
role
of
interaction
between
the
pre-
and
post-natal
dietary
fat
intake
on the
offspring
health
was
assessed.
Early
programming
experiments
were
conducted
using
C57B1/6
mice
,
which
have been
extensively
used
as an
animal
model
to
investigate
the
dietary
fat-mediated
regulation
of
lipid
metabolism.
Lipid
metabolism
and
aortic
vascular
function
were
chosen
as the
study
outcomes
to
estimate
the
risk
of
developing
CVD
in the
offspring.
Results
indicated
that a
high-fat
maternal
diet
rich
in
SFA
(lard)
was
associated
with a
reduced
expression
of
hepatic
low-density
lipoprotein
(LDL)-receptor
and a
higher
concentration
of
LDL-cholesterol
in the
offspring.
On the
other
hand
, a
high-fat
maternal
diet
rich
n-6
PUFA
(safflower
oil)
was
associated
with
higher
mRNA
expression
of
hepatic
lecithin:
cholesterol
acyltransferase
and
higher
concentration
of
high-density
lipoprotein-cholesterol
in the
offspring.
The
high-fat
maternal
diet
,
irrespective
of the
type
of
fat
,
however
was
associated
with
reduced
aortic
contractile
reactivity
towards
KC1
,
phenylephrine
and
thromboxane
mimetic
U44619
, in the
female
offspring.
In
addition
,
significant
interaction
of
pre-
and
post-weaning
diets
was
reported
for
various
outcomes
studied
in the
offspring
,
suggesting
the
importance
of
both
prenatal
and
postnatal
environments
in
regulating
the
offspring
cardiovascular
health.
--
In a
separate
study
, the
effects
of
n-3
PUFA-rich
flax
oil
feeding
were
assessed
on
various
parameters
associated
with
metabolic
syndrome
,
using
the
SHR/NDmcr-cp
rat
model.
Flax
oil
feeding
was
associated
with
significantly
lower
hepatic
triglycerides
and
cholesterol
concentrations
in the
obese
rats.
In
addition
,
flax
oil
feeding
was
associated
with
lower
plasma
insulin
concentrations
and
oxidative
stress
in the
obese
rats.
An
up
regulation
in the
hepatic
expression
of
peroxisome-proliferator
activated
receptor-y
(PPAR-y)
was
found
to be
negatively
correlated
with the
hepatic
TG
and
cholesterol
concentrations
in the
obese
rats
,
thus
pointing
towards
the
activation
of
PPAR-y
dependent
pathways
behind
the
hepatic
lipid-lowering
effects
of
flax
oil
supplementation.
--
Taken
together
, the
results
presented
in the
current
thesis
support
the
role
for the
quantity
and the
quality
, of
dietary
fats
consumed
during
pre-
and
post-weaning
time
periods
, on the
development
of
key
parameters
associated
with the
onset
of
CVD.
Type
Text
Format
Image/jpeg;
Application/pdf
Source
Paper copy kept in the Centre for Newfoundland Studies, Memorial University Libraries
Local Identifier
a3496945
Rights
The author retains copyright ownership and moral rights in this thesis. Neither the thesis nor substantial extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's permission.
Collection
Electronic
Theses
and
Dissertations
Scanning Status
Completed
PDF File
(29.97
MB)
--
http://collections.mun.ca/PDFs/theses/Chechi_Kanta.pdf
CONTENTdm file name
116216.cpd
