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Document Description
Title
Mutagenic
and
genotoxic
potential
of
nitrated
polyaromatic
hydrocarbons
in
combustion
byproduct
mixtures
Author
Pritchett
,
Blair
,
1970-
Description
Thesis
(M.Sc.)--Memorial
University
of
Newfoundland
,
2000.
Biochemistry
Date
1999
Pagination
xviii, 122 leaves : ill.
Subject
Combustion
gases--Toxicology;
Mutagens;
Genetic
toxicology
Degree
M.Sc.
Degree Grantor
Memorial University of Newfoundland. Dept. of Biochemistry
Discipline
Biochemistry
Language
eng
Notes
Bibliography:
leaves
114-122
Abstract
The
combustion
of
hydrocarbon
fuels
generates
a
considerable
amount
of
reaction
byproducts
,
some
of
which
are
mutagenic
and
DNA-reactive
nitro-polyaromatic
hydrocarbons.
This
mutagenic
action
is
generally
indirect
,
such
that the
compounds
require
metabolic
activation
for the
exertion
of their
toxic
effect.
--
Used
motor
oil
extracts
prove
more
mutagenic
than
crude
oil
extracts
in the
Ames
Salmonella
assay
for
mutagenicity.
This
mutagenic
effect
is
enhanced
by the
presence
of a
rat
liver
microsomal
and
cytosoiic
protein
preparation
, as
well
as by the
use
of a
bacterial
strain
enriched
in
O
-acetylase
activity.
The
mutagenic
response
is
diminished
in a
bacterial
strain
that
is
deficient
in
bacterial
nitroreductase.
These
data
implicate
nitrocompounds
as
principal
agents
in the
overall
mutagenicity
of
crankcase
oil
extracts.
Crankcase
oil
extracts
prove
to be
good
substrates
for
nitroreductase
enzyme
activity
in
vitro.
The
effectiveness
as a
substrate
of
nitroreductase
enzyme(s)
also
seems
to
correlate
with the
mutagenicity
as
measured
in the
Ames
Salmonella
assay.
The
measured
nitroreductase
activity
exhibits
no
appreciable
difference
when
NADH
or
NADPH
is
used
as the
reaction
cofector.
--
The
activity
cf
nitroreductase
enzymes
can
produce
reactive
oxygen
species
such
as
hydroxyl
radicals
(OH)
,
which
can
generate
single
strand
nicks
in
DNA
This
effect
can
be
initiated
by the
metabolism
of
nitrated
polynuclear
aromatic
hydrocarbons
by
mammalian
liver
enzymes.
1-nitropyrene
and
crankcase
oil
extracts
are
shown
here to be
capable
of
producing
such
nicks
in the
DNA
of the
plasmid
pBR322.
Type
Text
Resource Type
Electronic
thesis
or
dissertation
Format
Image/jpeg;
Application/pdf
Source
Paper copy kept in the Centre for Newfoundland Studies, Memorial University Libraries
Local Identifier
a1493103
Rights
The author retains copyright ownership and moral rights in this thesis. Neither the thesis nor substantial extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's permission.
Collection
Electronic
Theses
and
Dissertations
Scanning Status
Completed
PDF File
(12.30
MB)
--
http://collections.mun.ca/PDFs/theses/Pritchett_Blair.pdf
CONTENTdm file name
61142.cpd
