Memorial University DAI: A history of the island of Newfoundland : containing a description of the island, the banks, the fisheries and trade of Newfoundland, and the coast of Labrador

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Title	A history of the island of Newfoundland : containing a description of the island, the banks, the fisheries and trade of Newfoundland, and the coast of Labrador
Author	Anspach, Lewis Amadeus, 1770-1823
Publisher	Printed for the author and sold by T. and J. Allman and J.M. Richardson
Place of Publication	London, England
Date	1819
Description	A general history of Newfoundland and Labrador from its settlement to the early 19th century.
Contents	Preface -- Chapter 1 -- The Northmen -- Various claims to the first peopling of America -- Newfoundland first discovered by accident by the Northmen, who give it the name of Win-land -- Wild vine - Martha's vineyard - Isle of Bacchus -- Bay of Exploits - Gander-Bay -- Skroellingers or Esquimaux -- Red Indians -- Maritime intercourse interrupted by the increase of the Arctic ice -- Voyage of the two Zenos of Venice -- Estotiland -- Revolution in Win-land in the beginning of the fifteenth century -- Savage life not the natural state of man -- Chapter 2 -- John and Sebastian Cabot -- Discovery of the Brazils the effect of accident -- Columbus applies to Henry VII -- Venice - John Cabot -- Voyages of John and Sebastian Cabot to Newfoundland -- Bonavista - Baccalaos -- This discovery attributed by some writers to Sebastian -- Fabian's account of three natives of Newfoundland brought to England by Cabot -- Further account of Sebastian Cabot -- Remarks of Purchas, Sir William Monson, &c. on this discovery of Newfoundland -- Want of precision in the writers of those times -- Chapter 3 -- Continuation of the History from 1497 to 1548 -- The Newfoundland fishery frequented as early as the year 1500 -- Gaspar de Corte Real, in 1501 -- Conception-Bay - Terra Corterealis, or New Britain - Labrador -- Voyages of Verazani by order of Francis 1 -- Attempt of Robert Thorne, of Bristol, by order of Henry VIII. towards a passage to the Indies by the North Pole, 1527 -- Why France attended at that time to voyages of discovery less than other nations -- James Cartier, of Saint Maloes, in 1534 -- The same, in 1535 -- De Roberval, of Picardy, receives a most extensive grant from Francis I. and makes great preparations for a voyage to North America -- Cartier's third voyage -- Hoare, of London, sails for Newfoundland, in 1536, with a considerable number of gentlemen of fortune -- Their extreme distress in that island - and return to England -- Rapid increase of the British Newfoundland fisheries, and first act of parliament respecting them -- Chapter 4 -- Continuation from 1548 to 1630 -- Why colonies were not sooner sent to America -- Sir Humphrey Gilbert, "the parent of all the British plantations in America, " makes the first attempt towards a settlement there in Newfoundland, for which he obtains a patent from Queen Elizabeth, and sails for that island in 1578 -- New regulations on property in fishing-rooms in 1582 -- Sir Humphrey Gilbert's second voyage in 1583 -- He arrives at Saint John's and takes formal possession of the island -- Inquires into its nature, inhabitants, and productions -- Supposed discovery of mines of iron, silver, &c. -- Conspiracies among his crews -- Loss of the Delight -- Loss of Sir Humphrey in the Squirrel, on his return to England -- Sir Walter Raleigh sails for North America -- Sir Francis Drake sails for Newfoundland -- First attempt in the seal-fishery by Richard Strang, of Apsham, in 1593 -- Rice Jones, of Bristol, in 1594 -- Charles Leigh and Van Herwick, of London, in 1597 -- De la Roche sails with a grant from Henry IV, of France, in 1598 -- Chauvin, in 1600 and 1601. - Canadian trade -- Samuel Champlain takes a part in the quarrels of the Indians in Canada, and supplies them with firearms -- Hackluyt forms an association of men of rank for the purpose of establishing colonies in North America, in 1606 -- Attempt to discover a north-west passage in 1606 -- Quebec founded in 1607, and James-Town in 1608 -- Voyage of John Knight to Labrador and Newfoundland -- Henry Hudson and John Guy, in 1610 -- Whitburn sent to Newfoundland, in 1614, with a commission from the Admiralty to impannel juries, &c. -- State of the English fisheries there in 1614 and 1615 -- Settlements then existing in Saint John's, Torbay, &c. -- Doctor Vaughan and Whitburn at Ferryland, in 1615 -- Avalon founded by Sir George Calvert and Edward Wynne, in 1623 -- Wynne's and Powell's accounts of the state of cultivation in the new province -- Other improvements at Ferryland -- Colony sent from Ireland -- Defeat of a French squadron on that coast by Lord Baltimore, who leaves Newfoundland in 1632, and afterwards found Maryland -- Chapter 5 -- Continuation from 1633 to 1702 -- Charles I. encourages the English settlements and fisheries in North America, and issues a commission for the better government of Newfoundland, in 1633 -- His example is followed by France -- Sir David Kirk carries a colony to Newfoundland in 1654 - The number of settlements there increases rapidly, the principal of which are Saint John's, Ferryland, and Quidy-Vidy - Placentia founded by the French -- Consequences of Colbert's measures respecting the French fisheries at Newfoundland -- Ordinance of Louis XIV -- War with France -- Failure of an attempt against Placentia -- France aims at the possession of all North America -- Attempt of Nesmond, in 1696, on Saint John's -- Capture by Brouillan and Ibberville of the whole island, except Bonavista and Carbonier-Harbour -- Fruitless expedition of Admiral Nevil and Sir John Gibson -- Peace of Rhyswick -- Sir John Norris, Governor in 1697, Sir Stafford Fairborne, in 1700, and Sir John Leake, in 1702 - Distinguished character of the officers appointed to that station from 1675 -- King William's act "to encourage the trade to Newfoundland" -- Fishing Admirals and other important regulations for the better government of the fishery and administration of justice -- Formation of "the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts" -- First missionary in Newfoundland -- Chapter 6 -- Retrospective View of the Newfoundland Fishery, and of the Accounts of that Island by Different Writers of the Seventeenth Century -- Chapter 7 -- Continuation of the History from 1702 to 1713 -- War with France - Hostilities in Newfoundland -- Fruitless expedition of Vice-Admiral Graydon -- Fruitless attempt of the French against Saint John's -- Gallant and successful operations of a small English squadron on the northern coast of Newfoundland -- Resolution of parliament respecting that island in 1707 -- Saint John's taken and destroyed in 1708 -- Fruitless attempt of the French against Carbonier -- Alarm in England respecting Newfoundland -- Fruitless expedition against Quebec and Placentia -- Treaty of Utrecht -- Death of Queen Anne -- Disorders occasioned by the Jesuits in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland -- Disputes respecting boundaries -- Chapter 8 -- Continuation from 1713 to 1763 -- Effects of the act of King William respecting Newfoundland - Insufficiency of the system of judicature established by that act -- Appointment of a Civil Governor; - of a Court of Oyer and Terminer; - of a High Sheriff; - of Justices of the Peace in out-harbours; - and of Floating Surrogates, in 1728 -- Lord Graham - Admiral Byng -- Court of Vice-Admiralty established -- Appointment of a Naval Officer -- France loses her part of Newfoundland, and the island of Cape-Breton -- Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle -- Origin of the war in 1755 --Beginning of hostilities on the coast of Newfoundland -- Sir Charles Hardy - Lord Rodney -- Ancient custom in Saint John's in cases of insolvency -- Captain James Webb -- Captain, afterwards Lord, Graves -- Claim of Spain to the Newfoundland fishery -- War with Spain in 1762 -- Bay-Bulls, Saint John's, Carbonier, Trinity, &c. taken by a French squadron under Admiral de Ternay -- Retaken by Lord Colville and Sir Jeffrey Amherst -- Robert Carter - Charles Garland -- Captain James Cook -- Distress in Saint John's -- Treaty of Paris in 1763 -- Coast of Labrador annexed to the government of Newfoundland -- Tenor of the commissions of the peace issued at that time -- Court of Oyer and Terminer -- Abuses respecting fishing-rooms, the administration of justice, &c. -- Scot and a party of native Indians -- Effects of the Treaty of Paris on the Newfoundland fisheries -- Population of the island in 1763 -- Chapter 9 -- Continuation from 1763 to 1775 -- Alarm in England respecting Newfoundland -- Increase of the fisheries -- Captain Hugh Palliser -- Captain Byron -- Disturbances in Newfoundland - Custom-House -- Sir Roger Curtis (Note) -- Disturbances in the American colonies -- Suspension of supplies from the continent -- Sir Hugh Palliser's act -- Captain Duff - Salmon fisheries -- Chapter 10 -- Continuation from 1775 to 1793 -- American privateers -- Rear-Admiral Montague - Proclamation for the protection of the Newfoundland Indians -- Sudden recall of the French fishermen and mariners from the banks -- War with France - Rear-Admiral Edwards -- Vice-Admiral Campbell - Mr. Aaron Graham -- Effects of that war on the British Newfoundland fisheries -- Treaties of 1783, - with America and with France -- Change in the French boundaries in Newfoundland -- Comparative increase of the British Newfoundland fisheries in 1785 -- Act regulating the intercourse between Newfoundland and the United States of America -- Act of 1786 for the encouragement of the Newfoundland fisheries -- Beneficial changes in the courts of justice - Rear-Admiral Elliot -- Rear-Admiral Mark Milbanke - Court of Common Pleas -- Establishment of the "Supreme Court of Judicature" -- Chief-Justice John Reeves -- Act of the 33d Geo. III. cap. 76 -- Clause respecting cases of insolvency -- Chapter 11 -- Continuation from 1793 to 1818 -- Causes which had hitherto prevented the British Government from obtaining correct information on the state of things in Newfoundland -- Important consequences of the late improvements in the administration of justice -- State of the British Newfoundland fisheries in 1795 -- Sir James Wallace and the French Admiral Richery -- Vice-Admiral Waldegrave -- Premature attempt to establish a college in Saint John's -- Curious trial -- Vice-Admiral Gambier - Mr. Joseph Trounsell -- State of Conception-Bay -- Change there in the civil and ecclesiastical state of things -- Society for Improving the Condition of the Poor, and Sunday-schools in Conception-Bay -- A similar society established in Saint John's -- Other improvements in Conception-Bay -- Treaty of Amieus -- Renewal of hostilities -- A female Indian in Saint John's -- Loss of the Lady Hobart packet, and arrival of her passengers and crew in Conception-Bay -- Printing-office established - Volunteer militia formed in Saint John's -- Post-office established in Saint John's and Conception-Bay -- Act of 1809 - Coast of Labrador re-annexed to the government of Newfoundland -- First attempt to open a communication with the native Indians of Newfoundland -- Scarcity of cattle -- Sir John Thomas Duckworth -- Second attempt respecting the native Indians -- Sale of ships-rooms in Saint John's -- Third attempt respecting the native Indians -- War with America -- Ravages by the small-pox in Saint John's -- Fire in Harbour-Grace -- The History of Newfoundland continued to the year 1818 -- Chapter 12 -- Description of the Banks and Island of Newfoundland and of the Coast of Labrador -- Theory of the Abbé Clavigero concerning the first peopling of America -- Atalantis -- Revolutions produced by volcanoes and earthquakes -- Remarkable earthquakes in Canada in 1663, and at Boston in 1727 -- Traces of volcanoes in Massachusetts -- Extraordinary structure of the island and banks of Newfoundland -- Outer or False Bank - Great Bank - Other banks -- Various theories concerning those banks -- Gulf-Stream - Drift wood, &c. -- Difference in length of the voyages to and fro, between Europe and North America -- Gulf-weed - Fogs on the banks -- Appearance and description of the island of Newfoundland -- Avalon - Trinity-Bay - Baccalao-Island -- Conception-Bay -- Saint John's- Bay-Bulls -- Southern coast - Trepassey-Bay - Saint Mary's Bay -- Placentia Bay - Richard Brothers -- Fortune-Bay -- Penguin, Burgeo, and other islands -- Western coast -- Bay of Islands - Bonne-Bay - Ingornachoix-Bay -- Saint John's Bay and Highlands - Pistolet-Bay - Hare-Bay -- White-Bay - Bay of Exploits - Gander-Bay - New World Island - Twilingate - Fogo -- Bonavista-Bay - Green's Pond Islands - Catalina-Harbour -- Islands of Saint Peter and Miquelons -- Saint Peter's Bank - Anticosti Island -- Coast of Labrador - History - Seals and dogs -- Mecatina and Shecatica-Bay - Saint Augustine's Square -- Straits of Belle-Isle -- Attempts to discover a north-west passage to India - Cabot - Thorne - Frobisher - Davis - Hudson -- Chapter 13 -- Of the Climate of Newfoundland and Coast of Labrador -- Peculiar character of the climate of North America -- Comparison between the climates of Newfoundland and of Canada -- Winter in Newfoundland -- Effects of cold on the extremities of animals -- Aurora Borealis -- Islands and fields of ice - Frozen fogs, or frost smoke -- Mode of opening a passage for vessels through the ice -- Spring - Summer -- Splendid appearance of Conception-Bay during the capelin-scull -- Fall, and approach of winter -- Whether the climate of Newfoundland is capable of improvement -- Chapter 14 -- Of the Natural Productions of the Island of Newfoundland and of the Coast of Labrador -- Attempts towards agricultural improvements -- Mode of planting potatoes -- Kitchen gardens -- Fruits - Berries - Indian tea -- Side-saddle flower, or pitcher-plant -- Cotton-reeds - Flowers -- "A short feast and a long famine" -- Trees - "Newfoundland coffins" -- Animal flowers -- Minerals -- Catalina-stone - Burning mountain -- Labrador-stone -- Animals -- Fur-hunting -- Change in the colour of animals in winter -- Traps and snares -- Newfoundland dog -- Essential differences between the Greenland and the Newfoundland dogs -- Gnats, or mosquitoes -- Poultry - Wild-fowl - Wild geese -- Partridges, &c. -- Various kinds of sea-birds -- Baccalao birds, how far useful in navigation -- Penguins -- Morses, or sea-cows - Whales -- Fatal issue of an attempt in the whale-fishery in Conception-Bay -- Cod-fish -- Trout; - eels; - lobsters; - plaice; &c. -- Capelin - Capelin-seines -- Salmon -- Herrings, their annual migrations -- Lance - Squid, cuttle-fish, or ink-fish - Mackerel -- Jiggers used in fishing -- Extraordinary voraciousness and fecundity of the cod-fish -- Other peculiarities -- Stones in the head of this fish -- Chapter 15 -- Of the Newfoundland Fisheries -- Seals and seal-fishery -- Uses of the seal to Greenlanders and to Europeans -- Of the flesh of seals -- State of the Newfoundland coast at the time of the seal-fishery -- Manner of proceeding in this fishery -- Mode of making seal-oil - Blubber -- Effect of oil on the agitated surface of the sea, from which l'Abbe Raynal foretold wonderful improvements in navigation -- Mode of preparing seal-skins -- Mode of proceeding in the cod-fishery -- Fishing - Curing - Salting -- Drying - Laying-rooms - Hand and broad flakes -- Hardships attending the cod-fishery -- Maggotty; - salt-burnt; - sun-burnt; - slimy; - dunfish -- Mud-fish -- Cod-seines -- Shore-fishery -- Northern-fishery -- Labrador-fishery -- Bank-fishery -- Western-fishery -- Cod-oil -- Chapter 16 -- Of the Character and Manners of the Aborigines and other Inhabitants of the Island of Newfoundland -- How far gradual improvement is a most conspicuous law of the nature of man -- Anecdote related by Doctor Franklin (Note) -- The North American Indians nearly the same in the nineteenth century as when first discovered -- Artful and revengeful; not numerous; indolent -- Of the Newfoundland Indians -- As described by Cabot; - Broughton; - James Cartier; Sir Martin Frobisher; - Guy; - by Clarke, in 1696; - and by Patrick Gordon, in 1722 -- Inhabitants of European extraction -- How far the seed is affected by difference of climate -- By the nature of the country; by diet -- Of fish diet - Of the constant use of tea - Spruce-beer -- Houses - Tilts - Linneys - Kitchens -- Character of the women -- Longevity - Diseases - Customs -- Saluting the bride - Marriages - Christenings -- Funeral ceremonies - Waking the dead -- Festivals of Saint George and Saint Patrick -- Horse-shoes -- Candlemas-day - Ash Wednesday - Dragging the log -- Christmas-log, or Yule festival - Christmas boxes - Mumming -- General character of the inhabitants of Conception-Bay -- Religious Professions -- Courts of justice -- Appendix -- Note 1 -- Northmanna-land -- Note 2 -- Ancient ships and boats -- Note 3 -- Abraham Ortelio's "Orbis Terræ Theatrum." -- Note 4 -- Names of Newfoundland, of West Indies, and of Indians -- Note 5 -- Revolutions in the Arctic ice -- Note 6 -- King Charles's commission for the better government of Newfoundland -- Note 7 -- Ordinance of Louis XIV, concerning the marine and the fisheries -- Note 8 -- Introduction of the patata by Sir Walter Raleigh -- Note 9 -- Of the use of iron among the savages of North America.
Subject	Fisheries--Newfoundland and Labrador--History Indians of North America--Newfoundland and Labrador Labrador (N.L.)--Description and travel Newfoundland and Labrador--Description and travel Newfoundland and Labrador--Economic conditions Newfoundland and Labrador--History
Physical Description	512 p.
About the Author	Lewis Amadeus Anspach (1770-1823) operated as a schoolmaster, missionary and Justice of the Peace in Newfoundland from 1799 to 1812, working primarily in the Conception Bay area.
Location	Canada--Newfoundland and Labrador
Local Call Number	F 1122 A4 1819;
Type	Text
Resource Type	Book
Format	Image/jpeg: Application/pdf
Record Number	CNS-B0294
Collection	Centre for Newfoundland Studies - Digitized Books
Repository	Memorial University of Newfoundland. Libraries. Centre for Newfoundland Studies
Language	Eng
Source	Paper text held in the Centre for Newfoundland Studies
PDF File	(81.61MB) -- http://collections.mun.ca/PDFs/cns/Anspach_HistoryofNewfoundland.pdf
CONTENTdm file name	100977.cpd