Morning Courier, 1847-05-08

              , FVonv Wiltmirtf Smith's European Times,
GREAT
Thi
at remi.utiqn in sn
a bending will siarlle
Ingenuity hns been «
STEAM PROPULSION,
lie many nf our rend-
i expended in devis-
iiic* an improvement on (lie present iimdu of
propillinsr Bhipa by steam Again**. Ibe old
r.addle wheels strong objectioiia iis to the loss
of power, and other drawback* upon ie-steamer's progress have.been urged, which il would
be useless lo repent litre, for they mo well
known lo pmciicul engineera and seamen;
and a remedy was sought for in ifitTscrcw.
Th« screw haa been only pariinlly siicoettslul,
ns its limited adaptation proves The .only
vessel of nolo (o which itJian been applied is
the ♦Great Britain, and the unf«riunnie terini-
• naiion ol her cureei-hurdlyjEitve (lint invention
nfniririal una large8cnle_>Bnl n-disrnvery fi'ns
hns now been perfected .fcy^Wr. S. R. Park-
hurst, n gfiilleinnn ol great mechnuicul ing'o-
rmity, which "must supersede (he existing
modes of steam propulsion,' and revolutionize
(rjiffic by sea. This invention is secured by
patent in Great Britain nnd ull her colonies.
(he United States, France, and all other pat-is
ofthe world. •
Ii is not moiety, original, but, like most
useful invenlions, remarkably, nny, besot!folly »il»pls, Tho advantages tin- threefold—a
greatly increased rate of .speed, a vastly increased power of stowage, by the redaction
of ine present cumbrous machinery in (he holds
of steamers, and reduced expenditure, in (he
cost of lhe engine-power. It isdilficuli (o make
ourselves clear on these points without ihe
aid ol a diagram. But we may stale, briefly.
• (hat a number of submerged ver lie . I propellers
aro (o be fixed on each aide of the vessel;
ih.se revolve in unison, nnd by the force with
which (hoy (ake.hold of tbe wa(er, nnd the
rower vhiich thiscombined action gives them,
must send (ftrwSrd t!^Strtp-St a speed tt4to__fe*
ther unattainable by tlie present or any known
system. It is asserted, by practical men, dial
n vessel so propelled would cross the Atlantic
in nearly half tlio time ofthe best steamers
now employed in   ocean  navigation.
This invention has undergone the scrutiny
of eminent and practical men in England, by
whom the most favouiublo opinions have been
•xpressed of it* practical character. During
the |>*Mtl week experiments bu»e been (tied by
the application of ateam-power to these propel
|er«, one of which,six feet high, (hirly inches
diameter, wns driven by a six-horse power
engine—'294 revolutions per minute, which n
practical ijentleoinii present staled would drive
a vessel 25 miles per hour. This test has
removed all doubts on the minds Vif those who
were previously lhe most nccpiic.il. We cannot dil.ile on the importance of (his grei.n-sl
of modern invenlioiis with regard to sica-n na-
vigiitinii; bu< ihis we may suy, that since Ihe
days of Arkwrighl nothing equal in intpunat.ee
loul has appeared, and wb expect i( .will remain;! brilliant proof of (he genius und the
judgement ofthe inventor.
We understand thai Mr. Farkhursl leaves
by iho "Sarah Sand*," on a temporary visit
lo America; (he object, we believe, is (q luy
liis_unp<>riun( invention before the Government
ofthe United Slates, whose navy and commerce, we feel confident, will be greatly enhanced* by (he application of un invention
which promises to revolutionize the whole eyelet*, of nuvigntinn.
THE  C0TTOX   TRAD*   OP   iMniA.
The Bombay Gentlemen's Gazelle says, that
the ftilliHg of!' n the duly on coKon et thnt
port io the last quarter of I84S, exceeded
46,000 Company's rupees. I( is stated that a
Committee has been appointed to invesiigate
this matter; their Report, we should expect,
Would bo short, thereby consisting of (he onu
prominent and often repeated fact,that (bo tax-
gatherer tokos (he whole value of. (ho crop.
Rubor lbe duly or tho undo mus'. be'given
up, tbey i-ufttM.i exist logeiber. Our COiilem.
porury aaystlrai "bad cotton is produced,nnd
this bsd'article produces bad pnees-snd n
di-ninution-of (hotjcporis. The duty is so
levied that bad couon must, be .produced.
The crop cannot b« moved from tha field I Ul
the tax-gatherer is paid. Cotton ought to lie
carefully picked an it ripens, day alter dny.
and week..after week; but, under (ha fiscil
■i«lnm or Western India, it must ho gathered
ot once. Stained,, damaged, up-ripe, and
over-cipe pod* are nil mixed,mid heapud (o-
V geihcr/iituiTer fsrtlMr injury, till the-ine'xorn-
ol* demand of tqe Goverinrr«nt is satiified.
«ow can susfe a (rado subsist when It has to
■"••I tho competition ofthe freest, most active,
and intelligent penploonlhe face of (lie globe.f.*r*j
The revenue system utile in every, way. Jthot;
only esncls an enormous impost fronflhe plu i-
Ver,but it tnltk.es his tenure of land so in^f-cuie
that he can dply borrow at enormous utile*., qf|
inlerc-ps A London merchant,-ail* inccs .an.
American planter all-ilie money hn requires ut
6 or perhaps 8 percent, per anuum. The Indian cultivator is lucky if he can borrow «t
24! Thu lormer puis his' produce on board B:|
steamer, and carries it fib in his own door lo
market in ufew days, ii_nd ut n trifling charge
The Indian has no, roads, or il ho lias he hss.
nn bridges; ba carries his produce on |>uL
locks, nud unloads ill-every stream he corneal
lo. It is months on the roads, and filled with
dust mid sued before it arrives nt a port. It
has then probably "to be shipped coastwise be*
I'.ni ii reaches a uijwkct. The natural dined,
vantage* are enough : t\ Government real y
desirous of saving the Irade Tor the country
would endeavour to .diminish ihem. without
adding more opi«rnwiM"reat(on. . The (rada is
doomed, anil all the committees io India cat -
no', save it, unless (hey can induce^he Gov-
oi nmetii to forego a disproportionate taxation.
Canada Company.
A general court of tke proprietors in ibis corporation, est.iblished lor ihe purpose of colonising lie
lands of Upper Canada, was held at the Cniia. a
I loosest. Helen's place, on Tuesday week; Charles
Franks, Esq., in lhe chair.
The governor said that I he report shows the pre-
.••in nsseis of (he company, including all debts due
for Uud .-..i.f, Stc, amount to £382.981, that tl a
capital...Nance.I by ibe company, a mi all debts and
loi-'.-ueinei.is- due by ihem niiiouui to £418,411 k
btnvi»a the .liflSrenco between ibese sums, v.St.,
£i:t.'>,5lv>, as ihe co-t of 1,3(7,594 acres of land
lielougiug io the coiiipnny, paid for a in? unsold,Slid
therefore costing it*, uu acre. The ultimate profit
Of the company upon their  transactions will  cut -
per sore. The <-|ua1.1>ty ol Und dwpoeed of annually
for the Inst three year* has beeu upon an average
uhoiit 84.000 acres, and tbe average prise obtained
ha* lieen 11«. D.I. sterling per «:rs-
SirJ- Eisihope considered it was a subject of
much iniporiance ihtitihe public should perfect y
ini.lersiai.il the objects-of the company. At tie
present period, when eraigntiinn inJirht bo expected
iu talw place on a very extensive scale, particular y
from Ireland, it was highly il.-sirai.l-: lhat the public-'
-hntild ho uiuiln acipiniiKed with ihe urraneeiiieu s
tieiweeu the company ami those wlio nettled on
their lands iu Canada, and thai i.o mialoke shoo .1
exist us io the terms ou which those arrangements
wero effected.
It was resolved thnt tbe remarks oijbe Governor
nml trie report »houhl be printed; ariiTthe thanks ol
die court having been voted in (lie governor and
directors, (he meeting was dissolved.
Nkw Rrumswick amu Nova Scotia Laud Cos -
P.NT-—Tbe uilliual ineetii'g uf litis company took
pla.-o on the llli tilt., at the office in Loiidoi i
John Mason, E-q , in tbe-cbair. The report wai
■il .uiht-r n Biitisluetory uiUtire, as abowiuua gradual
.in-reiioe in ilie nuuiljer pf sHitlerjj on ilie c'utnp •-
uy'» Inn.Is. ns well as ol" iImj stock at i.l produce Tl "
pea -tion of tho coup.ii) tV.r 16-lb, was m follow*.:
-Un.Is sold or gr....ii-d to it.is-^ne, 27,247 acres,
(here reVnainlrbi 5*3,170 acres. The sundus oi
expendi'iir*. over reoeiptH, for 184(1, was £794 6s.
a i. In 164G the iiumber .>!'s.:iiln-.s was 167. Tn6
produce Ol wheat wit 1U20 bushel*, ol buck whe tl
1705, unis 0663, barloy 354, rye 10, com a.,.| peas
111*,, potatoes 14,83.). turn.ps 4632, It..v 840'tons.
I'iio .-nitle was407, borne! 72, sheep fyiS, pigs 3101
The Mew In xi was 476 acn.s, and lauds plough* '
ami Biinnpi-d 235 acres, Tba report won adopted
unanimously.
hiMf-.v.r. laoit Ca»tinos.-—Ulr. Napier, of tie
Vulcan Foundry. UImsuow, Is at present fulfilling
an order lor eighi engine bottoms of vvry larse
dime-isioiM. Theae boiioms or soles are immense
plates ..I iiieial.incfiiiliiig'coiideiisers., on which the
engine cylinders rest; six of them are already cast,
it require* several workman fifieendsys te prepare
Jhe mould fur each bottom. The time, required far
fiiliilliug tlm order will he five mouths i each of
theae costings requires nearly fifty tons of metaLflnd
the toinl weight nf ibe eight bottoms will he between 380 end 400 tons, snd all for Hour aiMBiarsL
wi-hunt lai. iug mto account the woighi of cylindors
ami othsr eiigiiia appeii'la-j-s. It is ssld ilmsa are
(im largest riisiinguiii.u havo yet been doue n
Glasgow,
Mah. ToNtwOftWAWs^-A memorial has heen I
presented tn ibe Lorllla Of th* Ailinlrslijr, praylns(
for lbe s.lo'piioii ofa mail dlreoi (o New Orleans bj
■ih« U-.y.il West Iodic, Mail S-Jirrun-Hhipti, by whirl
it is si'iied that ihe pnsssgo cnuhl be made in -8
.fnys. The «' Kuaoi-r-AN t'lBas,'* lurWar-ledJiy t -3
HriirshsBd N-rth American Mail, has been il«ls*>
ered m that di^r in 2>2 ilnye, and in sebletn loaw*'
limp 28«l »ys. The adoption of ihe pew router will,
iievtirlheleal, Im of great tplysnpge to lhe f9(lMll)»rn
Slates as regard* expense.
Toe admiraliy ,hn» given notice, that mnnsjfsand
mates or all trshiport and ebOvlot slilps wis be
required to nave pssssd an asiuninsdon.  ,
Sirs Bancroft, the lady of the American
fnister nL the Courl of St. James'n, was
lent nf"(lie Q,uecn's»I)i'dwing.ruDin.
fib reported that tl(e1iri.Ws(eai7u»hip"con
tag iho Freiii-.h mail, wiH leave Havre
lot tho 1st of next month for Now Yotit.
Holm Barton, a private in the Royal Maps, has been sentenced to dealh for havin<-
%ck a sergeant.
e Emperor of Russia has issued an ukase
Baring thai Jews iu the army shall lie a -
led to rise to the rank oT Lieutonanl.
Vulcanised India-rubber'* is now used instead of
1ft for tho buller fprmgs of railway Carriages.
vessel which has arrived in Loudon Irom New
k has brought 20 cusks of r.i.le'r.
I subscription has been set.on funt in London
r Iha purpose ol erecting il statue iu h.siiui
I Queen Dowager.
Pot Ihe 1st time,on lhe 14ih nliiino.the Atigsburirh
- lie was periniited to publieb the debates ol' h
•isu Diet. \
S.original  manuscript  of Sir   Waller ScoiCs
• '•Hoy was sold in Loudon, on ihe 23rd ull., fur
Norwfpinn herring fisbp'ry for (bin year is
.y suit oii\ the wlitfle 250,000 tons have been
^ It) salt.
iii Duke im Rianzares.hushand ol Queen Cbrj.-I
mSpar.1 I8000f. ddiy for iha title of Duke u
nnorot in Prance.
A Hanoverian paper states (hut it is int-miled
ui.ike freO ports of the barbbur* of H.-wlm-g
" Qeeai.
During the last ten  ynors,  co.
the army have been conferred upon 376 iioiibcoii .
mtaawiiied offieerq.
.Ore.^fer'iyiiviiy now prevails in lhe fhipbuil.lit n
trade at I'.-jtli thou has been witnessed lor t.ever.1
y'»,sr8|»aet./
jit is said that Government intends-to inirorluce i
l*jll lor the entire proliibiiiOu nf Inn infs in tnwne.
^ftTliesCoiericr Francois aoiiuuncea ih»t M. jfjui-
znt is hh nit io visit the Laths of Honiixintg; tins
j'.uriKiy is io comicmIh wiili. (he arrival of Prince
Melt-roich at Juhsnnisl.er-
Tlief New York lir.e-of-picket ship Constitution,
arrivefl in the Mersey, on the firdurip from  Ni
York/ on  lhe 20:1.   ultimo.   She is a magiiihce it
Letiers fronrlVaples announce that a rttoncW
lion has taken place between ihe Prince of Cap
and Ins brother the King ol Naples.
The centrJil relief committee of lira Society of
Friends m Dublin hove received £7000, per Cumbria, from iheir brethren iu America.
The Senate ol Frankfort bas suspended the duty
upon the import of rice until September next
Most of the other states of tlie Zollvereiu bave t I
ready taken the sjime measure.
The Toulonmis ol the 18 h ultimo reports that
on tlio preceding .lay, the sieaui-co.vetie (Vsii i,
having on hoar.i Al. \Vale»ki, envoy ol the Freiu.1
Government, set sail for Ln' Plata.
Mr. Uain is aliout to erect his electrical dock r
the tower of Wetilmm churt'h, wuh power of ^iho-
tinn io ha iiicn-sanily mainlHined liy a per|ietuul
electric current derived from the cart!
It is expected ihat in (he spring of 1810, a helmet
• iii.ihir io ihe one in use in the P
pith the nildiiion of a horse-hair plume, will he
luken in wear liy ibe Hritish infantry.
Thedurntion ofihe treaty under wbich the Groi d
Pimhy of LnxeMibnrg was mlmilteil into the Zoll.
terem, has been prolonged lor several years.
il'be Pope has ordered general gns works lo he
onsiruc.ied beyond lbe Walls ol* Kome, in order o
gh( lhe streets and supply private consumers.
| Trade ia reviving in Paisley— so much so, (hai
I.e relief committee expect lo be able lo cut of*
lOO portions per day of soup kitchen supplies.
Fnr.Mcii Mr.|,A«sM—A vessel, arrived a( tl
fioriof Liverpool from Maianitas, has brought si
rutin) cargo, comprising 575. iioashea.ls and 12
jlercee of molasses, n circumstance which we do
Lot remember to bave occurred ou any previous oc»
[asion.
! BrsrATBT So* Ibelawo.—We are grntified (o
Iml that the band of charily bus   heen ao liberal y
intended towards (he poor of stirTering Irnlau I.
unongat the aoueraus donors nre to be numbered
he par.snn«ers in the st*nin**«h)p Cnmhrla, on her
ant outward pisses*, who most handsomely su i.
(cribed tho sum ofoiif hundred giiineas,ainl wbich
jW forwarded through Capt. Jiiilhins to Mr. t'lmr*-
les Mnclver (on« of tlie proprietors of (he Cam-
5ri») for transmission lo ihe"Irish nml Scotch R -
lief Ciirpmlueeii,— which vtetre re.pi«»ied by iha'
gentleman io acknowledge The cius-us of.R.m-
ton aleo n»o.«t liberally lorwarded a furiher dona-
lion by the saiiia steamer, on her homeward voyage, ol 200 lisrrels of flour meal, which (he consig*
ii'.e and owners I..uiclsoimily,conveyed io Liverpool
free of charge— equal to a liirihar atibscripi'mn of
£100. This »b>iurenl was cmisigiieil io Oeueial
Artpsiroptf tlie. American consul ai (hie port, who
.lu^ disposed «| ihu siiiim ograeai.ty lo the ilutrur-
lioos of Mr, Josiith Q.'ihcy of IJokioii.**
' Tlm Qua-iii of the French has forwarded sains
articles to lie sold at "a grand ba'/.ar, which is io
be opened at Chel ten liom, -in aid of the distressed
in Ireland.
(From the Ntw York Erprt4s, March W)
DINiVF.lt TO THK HONOURAB-LI-. THOsMAS
l'UTLEU■ KINt;, RYTI1E CITIZENS    ?'
Of NEW VORK.
Tbi-event took pla.•<• 1 i-t Wednesday night at
the    Asior,  r-o'nf*.'t.\o   hundred ft    our   leading
merclianiM, and  odmr ri'.l>t-.|iii,  silling   down   to   -
nun of ihe most sumptuous 'feasts ever spread by
those well-known cnereri*, Messrs.   Culenlnn   nnd    •
Ste.U.n.    it y os u iril-uie lo ibe efforts ol the lion. "
Itepresentaiiye from Udorgia, in tlio promoliou  of'.
tlit commercial interests of the country generally,
and parftculiirly (hose of.diia greal coiumerei .1 me-
trnpohs; especially in the siipporl of the bill which,
passed  the last Congress, for ilia estiiblishinetU of-
a   line of government steamers between  ibis port
ami England.    Nothing  partisan  entered   into (he     '
celehraiMjii, ii having been got up by gentlemen ^Of
ail  parlies,—a tribute tj-e   more  honorable) to ihe
distinguished gifest  I'.om ih^s coiiHlilcrftiiua.   The
greut rooin wus l.rilliaiitly illumiua'cd, onil\ilecor-
'itcd   with-the tiniioiuil   flag,   nnd'n   irnnsp.irei.cy,
reiireaenting ihe   American, Eagle  gratpipj*   two.
shiel.U, one bearing tho arms of Ihe Union, nud ibe
other (bo-e  ofthe  Suue,  wiih the  mottoes,  •• E-
pluribus Uiiiiiii,"   and "Excelsior.'    A finefbanirl
iff music |ilayed   tastefully and efF-ciiveiy durjng
the din riaiiiinei.t. ,
.   The chair was taken, nt the hour appointed, .fry
Jame* Qy Kmg, E-q., supported, at other tuhles,
by Vice Presi.leiiis Philip Hciicriimeoii ISvipr-r, Jr.,    '
J.Depeyater Ogden, and Isaac Town-end.    Among
lbe di.s'ingu'.shed persuiH presenl, as invitod gucflt!>,
we timed Hon. Reverdy Johnson, (J. 8. Senator
trots Mary land, General Giiues, U. 3.. A.,'Hon!
Mr. Marsh, M. C. ol Vermont, the Cotlecior of the
Pon, Hou. W. W. Campbell, .fudges Jones' nnd
Oakley, Hon. Messrs. Mur-Uy aud Miller, Conuno*
ilbresrSloat mid Kearney, and Capt. McKeever, of
(lie Navy, nud «titers. A great number Of gem In-
men, from different pans of ihe couniry, were in-
vited, whocouid not make it convenient lo attend}
but instead sent their excuses by letter.
Alter the Hon. genileinnn'd health was given, be
rose and spoke lo the following effeot:—
Air. President and gentlemen rl >ni sure you will
believe me when 1 say lhat,I feel iu no slight degree die emotions which your kindness has excit-
ei).—Though some what accustorneil to tlie scenes
ami excitement of public life, it has not, hitherto,
been my fortune to meet or address nn assembly
I ike that which ia now before me. Surrounded ns I am
by the merchants of this great city, whose extensive and accurate knowledge of all lhat belongs to.
the commerce of onr country, enables ihem to do™
lect nt n glance the good or evil tendency of all
ineosures touching lhe national prosperity, I cannot
Imt feel that i nm in no common presence. I am
persuade.i. however, I shall find in your reception '
ol what 1 am about to say, thai indulgence which is
ever churacfjrisiii* of liberal minds and enlightened'
views. _^
So regardless hns our government usually been, '*-'
as it seems lo me, of lhe gieut commercial interests of ihe country, it is perhaps not auprising that
any measure tending diiectly.io promote and pro*
teei those mien-sis bhould cull forth some favorable expression.
Soon alter ihe Sirius enme over, in 1838, the
Rrliish government perceived that a great prinei«
ple was 'developed; ihut ocean steamers might be
profitably employed as vessels of war. On the
strength of that discovery, they consummated an'
arrangement wbich brought the Cunard line of
steamers into existence. It then became evident
to our people thnt we »bould do the same; for it is
wiib nations as wiih individual merchants, when
one succeed.-, others must follower be led behind.
We found lhat some delny must be experienced.
Years in,v.- rolled on, nnd Englanu's experiment
Succeeded; nml alio ia now ready, at a iiimt.nni's'
warning, io mourn her guns ond goto battle," if
there existed a iiecessslty. ,.
The adoption of the polioy which you hsve assembled to approve, ie what the country greatly
il c-eil-,--.vo havo indeed felt that ive could hot be
ready a( a mpmeiii's warning. This policy is what
we waul, to defend our hones, nnd it must he faith-
Cully carried out I it is onn (list mutt licreaf-
irr govern the nations of ihe earth. We canuot
calculate upon llwf immense resulls oj thiaespnuslrS
policy. Since I had the honor Ol receiving your
(l.ne'ing i-cVitolioti, geiilb-melt, to ibis otHerls****
I Imvn written to the Collector Oftbeportof
.   SltO	
,1 obinuied ibe following statistical■wrt'*i
onlei
I...■«.' They may not be new to you, but I col
that they were new to me :—
Sihtement showing (hn'number of pnsaengere,
nml the nmouni paid by llumi, landed in Upsteh,
from Liverpool, per annum, 1»y the ijitnard line of
nieamers,from 1811 io 1816,inchuiva,at $150 each,
ii.d nn eitimixleol the tmmher landed in Liver*
..ml, from Ronton*, which is made by dednotlng
en per cent from thiiYuimber landed in Boston,
nippriiiBil by the Cllector of Beaten lo lie a
nir Dstint.itc, nl $l*J0 each.—-To which is added
he*an(0(m( jmiil liy the IhrRlfb'Governme*l' I*-"
carrying tbe mails: