St. John's Daily Star, 1918-01-29

              The St. John's Daily Star I Newfoundland VOLUME IV ($3.00 per Annum) TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 1918. (Price: One Cent.) No. 23. HUN AIR RAID NOW IN PROGRESS ON ENGLAND'S CAPITAL FOOD CONDITIONS CAUSE OUTBREAKS von In Finland—Russian Commander has Threatened to Raze Helsingfors- Greai Excitement REINFORCEMENTS FOR THE RED GUARD Troops Called Out to Deal With People in Rhenish Prussia—Artillery Duels—German towns Bombed i\\. md a half Americans will ** ble for service in France is. according to an anby D?cretary of War Baker j Senate Military Committee -Son. in reply to charges in in the War Department. h.ese men. the Secretary saicl [ld be 500.000 in France year. Others, he declared. available during the present months. military operations on the onts continue at a low ebb, il pot still boils furiously in ingary and in Germany, in both ol which countries there have been new outbreaks among the populace because of economic food co:* ditions resulting from the war. In addition, the eastern provinces of Finland are witnessing a revolution, ac!o unofficial despatches, with Russian Red Guard in battle with the The •.urned Red Guard is said to be il! operation at the railway station at fors and to.be in control at Rikimaki and other important junc- Ims, and the commander of the Rus•■ ar ships in Heisingfors has I atened to raze the city with the guns of the fleets unless the Finnish White Guard is disbanded. lhe Bolsheviki Government at Pet-1 is reported to have sent reinforcements to the Red Guard. 600 of | them having reparted for Viboorg, taking with them machine guns. Despatches from Switzerland are to the effect that there has been serious rioting in Bohemia, owing to the shortage in flour rations. Strong measures by the police are being required to disperse mobs which smashed shop windows and plundered stores. Likewise severe outbreaks are reported in industrial regions in Rhenish Prussia, where troops had to be called out to deal with the dissatisfied people. Attacks by pan-Germans against all persons who are opposing their war aims continue unabated in Germany. A remarkable utterance is that made by the pan-German Deutsche Tages Zeitung, which calls for revolt against the present regime in Germany. The announcement is made that Count Von Hertling, Imperial Chancellor, shortly will make a further statement regarding the Belgium question, offering positive suggestions and proposals. Nowhere, on any front, have operations risen above patrol encounters and trench raiding manoeurers. Artillery duels between the British and the Germans on the French northern front, are severe on many sectors and in the hilly region. On the Italian front the big guns of the belligerents are engaged. Several successful raids have been YOUTHFUL HEADS OF BRITISH ADMIRALTY.—Sir Eric Geddes, First Lord; Rear-Admiral Leonel Halsey, Second Sea Lord; Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wyemiss, First Sea Lord. RAID ON LONDON NOW IN PROGRESS First Attack Commenced at 9 O clock Last Night—Lasted an Hour. Crossed Coast at 3 ONE MACHINE DOWNED IN ESSEX Second Attack Shortly After Mid-night. Raid Still in Progress, Says Statement I ONDON, Jan. 29—Enemy airplanes dropped bombs on London between nine and ten o'clock on Monday night, according to an official statement issued at midnight. One invading aircraft was downed at Essex. The text of the statement says:  "Hostile airplanes crossed the Kent coast shortly before 8 o'clock and pro ceeded toward London. Some machines penetrated to the capita! where bombs were dropped, between nine and ten o'clock:. Latest reports showthat one enemy machine was brought down by our airmen in Essex." It is officially announced that a second attack by air raiders was delivered on London after midnight, bombs being dropped, about 12.30 a. m. A statement just issued says the raid is still in progress. BOSTON'S SCHOOLS ARE WITHOUT COAL Sever* North. East Storm Sweeps Over New England—Carriage of Coal Hampered Boston, Jan. 29—With a severe Northeast storm over New England tonight hampering movements of coal by rail and water and upsetting the plans for bringing fuel in large quantities into this district, on the heatiess holiday, factories, stories and office building, faced a complete stoppage of their coal supply. The School Board to-night issued an appeal to corporations having coal and to the two hundred private social clubs in the city for aid in keeping open schools that are without fuel..' RELATIONS ARE BROKEN Russia and Roumania at Loggerheads —Representatives Must Leave Petrograd, Jau. 29—The. Government Commissioner announces that dip lomatic relations with Roumania have been broken and that the Roumanian legation and all Roumanian representatives here will be *sent out of the country by the shortest route. HALF MILLION SAMMIES Washington, Jan. 28—We will have in France 500,000 early this year, Secretary Baker today told the Senate Military Committee. MARRIES A COUNTESS Lithgow Osborne, Formerly of U. S. Ambassy, Berlin, Weds Danish Lady Copenhagen, Jan. 29.—Lithgow Osborne, former Attache of the American Ambassy at Berlin, and now second secretary of the Legation here, is to marry Countess Lili Raben Lavetzau, daughter of Count Raben Lavetzau, former Danish Minister of Foreign Affairs.The marriage will be celebrated in April at Castle Aajholmi, the estate of Count Raben Lavetzau. The mother of Countess if Lili is an American. Her maiden name was Moultor and her mother was formerly a well known Boston singer. REACHED PARIS FOR WAR MEETING Lloyd George, Viscount Milner, Italian Premier and War Minister Now In France DARIS, Jan. 29U-British Premier David Lloyd George, Viscount Milner, members of the British War Cabinet and the Italian Premier, Professor Orlando and General A! fori, the Italian Minister of War, arrived in Paris this evening from London for the plenary meeting of the Supreme War Council. ITALY'S AIR FIGHTING British Aviators "Get" Forty Machines —Lost Only Five London. Jan. 28.—The War Office today issued a statement on operations of the British forces in Italy. It says- Owing to better visibility recently our artillery carried out much successful counter battery work and bombadment.Our aircraft have been active in aerial combats and reconnaissance work. Six enemv machines and two balloons were shot down in the pasr week. The total hostile aircraft destroyed since the end of November, when our machines commenced operations, are 37 enemy machines shot down, and two brought oown out or control. Four balloons were burned. Only five of our machines are missing. BRITISH CASUALTIES. London. Jan. 22.—British casualties reported during the week ending today were 8,588. divided as follows: Killed or died of wounds", officers 25, men 1.714; wounded or missing, officers 128, men 6,721. These figures! represent the virtual cutting in half of British casualties as compared with the previous week, when 17,943 were reported. Two weeks ago the high total of 24,979 was reached. REINFORCE RED GUARD Petrograd, Jan. 28.—Six hundred Red Guards with machine guns have left for Viboorf. They Will reinforce the Finnish Red Guard in the fighting which is going on there. COAL SHORTAGE IS SEVERELY FELT Gloomiest Day of Gloomy Winter— Business Life in New York Suspended—Theatres Packed JJEW YORK, Jan. 29.—C0al receipts are at-a standstill. They are less than they have been for several days and the business life of the city is suspended ■ There was little holiday spirit in New York on the second heatless Monday; altogether, it was one of the gloomiest days of a gloomy winter. The theatres where comedies were held were packed at the afternoon and night performances.The regulations of the Fuel Administrator were generally observed. Some exceptions were reported to the U. S. District Attorney and is was intimated that persecutions would follow promptly.Wiggin, the State fuel Administrator-, said tonight the incomplete reports from different parts of the state indicated that a coaless Monday had been generally observed. CONTROL OF OIL BY GOVERNMENT Fac! Administrator Garfield Prepares Plans For Distribution, Says Washington WASHINGTON, Jan 29.—Early measures looking to the Government control of the production and distribution of oil were forecast today, alter a visit to the White House of Fuel Administrator Garfield. Complete plans for instituting a Ticcns:!:2 system, it was said, were presented by. the Fuel Administrator. FLOODS CONTINUE OUTLOOK IS GRAVE Rivers of Norlh Queensland Swollen Torrents—Communications Practically Held Up PRISBAN, Australia, Jan. 29. (Via Ottaga Agency.)— The rivers of North Queensland are swollen torrents and miles of countiy are flooded. * All communications from GiacTelone to FWk-ampton and as far north as Cair»s is practically held up. The downpour continues, making the outlook still more grave. FORTY LIVES LOST When French Transport Drome Sank; Near Marseilles. Paris, Jan. 28—Forty lives were lost through the sinking of the French freight transport Drome and the traw-t ler Kerbihan which struck mines Jan. 23 within sight of Marseilles. The Drome first came into contact with the mines and the Kerbihan shortly afterwards struck another near the same place. Aviators later discovered other mines in this region which was immediately swept in an endeavor to clear-them away. SECRETARY BAKER TELLS OF THE WAR Described at Length Difficulties Confronting The States in Lending Aid To Allies —America's Army JOFFRE WAS GR EAT INSPIRATION Battles Moving Picturie Which no one Can j*****+. —Everybody lm patient To Do What H 3 Can WASHINGTON, Jan. 29.—America' •will have an army of half a million in France early this year, and a million'more trained and equipped to follow as quickly as ships can be pro-i vided to carry them, and the outlooki for shi is is not promising. Secretary! Baker gave this information to the nation arid the world to-day in a speech' before-the Committee, baring much that until now has been carefully guarded within the army military sec-l rets, in answering to the charges that) the Government has broken down pre-, paring for war. From early morning until late in the afternoon, the Secretary addressed the Committee and crowd including many members of both Houses who had, gathered in the big room in the Senate Office Building. He spoke extempor-J aneousjy, beginning with the details of the mammoth task of building an  of a million and a half, answering such complaints of inefficiency as were cited by Senator Chamberlain in his recent speech, and declaring such instancesj were isolated and general. Then to-] wa *ds the close of the day. the Secre-; tary delivered a dramatic general state-; ment of the American war Hans, telling of the coming of fhe Allied missio is. the day and night conferences wit i men from the scenes of the battles in which plans now being executed were adopted and of the success beyond the most sanguine expectations in building the army and its industrial support at home, the transporting of me 1 across the ocean, the construction of ;ailways in France and preparing to stride the enemy with every resource at the country's command. When Baker closed it was apparent he had created a profound impression, Ch.imberlain said so before he left the stand. Frankly Amazed there was no attempt at cross-examinations. The Chairman proposed tha*t the Secretary be given rest. It was virtually agreed to recall him for further examination later, after the Committee had completed its hearing of the first medical corps aviation section, and other branches of the service. While many things disclosed impressed the Committee, it was frankly amazed when told that the men of the 32 National Guards and the National Army Divisional Camps are ready to go to-day it needed. When mem7Ders wanted to know why such things had not been given publicity before, Secretary Baker spoke of the reluctance of military men to reveal their war plans and quoted German words about America's advance of her preparations at the outset. Secretary Baker described at length | the difficulties confronting the United | States in arriving at the decision as to just what method of lending aid to the Allies would prove most effective. It was a problem, he said, of studying the existing situation and bringing the financial, industrial and military stlength of the United States into coot :ration with that of Britain and Fiance in the most immediate and effe:tive way. That problem couldn't be dCcided here. Our Allies realize that ar-d so Britain sent over Mr. Balfour ar,d Gen. Bridges and staff of experts Tjtey came over and you saw Mr. Balfour in Congress and at the White Hpuse and in public meetings at on? pl.ee and another, but of the experts wbom they brought over with them ycy didn't see much, yet they distrijuted themselves through the Wat Department. Their ordnance experts sa with General Ciozier, their supply experts with General Shaipe and his their strategists sat with the Ajpny War College. % All over this city there were those confidential groups exchanging information and telling how trjjngs were over there, what we could dC', what they advised us to do, what experience they had in developing this, th'jt, and the other implement of supply, how certain plans which one might naturally have evolved out of past exp* rience of the world had been tried tbere and found not to work at all. Fney were exchanging information ! giving us all that they thought was' ' helpful. Hero of the Marne And then came Joffre. Tt was trei mendous inspiration to see the hero or I the Marne, but with him came his un- I observed staff of fifteen or twenty, or twenty-five young men, the most bril! liant men in the Flinch Army, strategists and mechanical experts, experts in arms, experts in supplies, experts in industry and manufacture. They told us not merely the formal and military problems but they brought over with them men who were in from the beginning in their reorganization or their industries, in their mobilization of their industrial plants, and we sat dowt with them in little groups until finally we collated and collected and extrac. | ted all the information which they could give us from their respective countries. Every country which has been brought in the war has brought us that sort or sent that sort of a staff of experts, and it has been necessary to : compare types, and, with this as a basis, to form such an idea as might be formed of what was the thing for us to do over there. But that was not enough. They could describe to us and bring specifications and drawings for each piece of artillery, but they couldn t tell us why the British theory of the use of artillery was by the British preferred to that of the French. I hey couldn't picture to us the barrage of heavy howitzers as compared to the barrage of seventy-five m.m. guns. They could'nt picture to us the associate of aircraft balloons and mobile aircraft with artillery uses. They could tell us about it, but even while they told us the story grew out. One thing they told us from the very beginning to the end that this war of all others was not a statistic thing, that our adversary was a versatile and agile adversary, that every day he changed his weapons of attack and his methods of defense; that stories they were telling us v/ere true when they left England and France, but an entirely different thing was piobably taking place there now, and they told us of large supplies of weapons of one kind and another which they had developed in France, Engl and, and which even before they got a sufficient quantity manufactured to take them from industrial plants to the front were superseded by new ideas and had to be thrown into th* scrap heap. Pershing Sent Over They said this war is moving pictures, it is something that nobody can paint and give you an idea of. It is not a statistic thing, therefor it became necessary for us to have our eyes there in instant and immediate communication with us, and we sent over to FCance, Pershing, and we sent with him, not merely a division of troops, (to that I shall refer to in a moment), but we sent with him perhaps I can say, safely the major part of the trained experts of the personnel of the army so that they would be at the front and see with their own eyes ancf send us back the details by cable every day of the changing character of this war. As a consequence the little group of officers which stayed here have built great special departments of the army. The ordnance department starting, I think, with 93 or 96 officers, have now, as I recall figures, something like three thousand officers. They have had to be trained, they have had to be specialized. That has gone on contemporaneously and with this tremendous response were the changing conditions on the other side. Idea At Outset At the outset our idea was that, we would be a financial and industrial assistance to our Allies during the year 1918, and I think, I probably can read from the Metropolitan magazine for August the suggestion which will show what the current expectation of the country was. The editor of the Metropolitan Magazine was protesting against what he believed to be the ia- (Continued on Page a) vviui ouv-vv/O.m ui j uiuo na v t uvDvu (Continued on Page 2) MiHlilHimiMltl THE NEW AMERICAN ART DRAPERIES -OR CURTAINS CUSHIONS OR QUILT COVERINGS ALL VERY ARTISTIC PATTERNS & DESIGNS Prices 27c* 40c. and 45c. per yard. Also A FEW SNAPS IN AMERICAN WHITE EMBROIDERED BLOUSES All Marked at Very LOWEST PRICES Bowring Bros. Ltd. MMMMiMI READ THE DAILY STAR