Our Country, 1883-11-26, vol. 01, no. 40

              -   .     VOL. I.    Nt>. 40.
ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 20, ,1883.
ON DAI
Price—Oxk Cent.    83.00 Per Annum.
•-  r   8HR CCUNTEY
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ulrsa ot- AiivKinisiso:
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llcut AiUicvtiscmciits.
CONSTITUTION
Is l^«nsh{diweekH*. .
in time f-k- tmnsmiss
Western Oftm-ofts,   .1
' in adraioc.
per ineh for each ronliniuitio
-. at tri wt-ckly ntCI
F. AV. l.OVYM.X.
Proprietor and i'liblfslier.
.    Telegraphic.
■pi
flit1 IgSg «?
of the  wrong Alexius,  «,id
at li* side' by lightning, is
l.Turt.'in tic-   summer of
II..1
lx, No-,
'."'.
The reported defeat of the  E......
false.
A-coHision between two plea.Mirehoals on Lake
Geneva, eaiuwt Ihe death bv drowning of ttventy
per.ons. \
It is reborled ihat the visil of Ihe Crown Prince
of Germany li/Spain. is associated with a pro
ject to annex Sjj_v.ii and  Portugal
The Crown Prince of Portugal ptoses lo
• i-it England I.- ojipo-,. (ierm.-m intrigue.
: the ground heroic hi- recti he fell fro
-Il'olv Anne,-he cried to Ihe mo
Virgin. •• help mc ; I will become
NcU dnv at Erfurt, he  repented of 1
(Our (Country.
MONDAY. NOVEMBER 2(1. 1883.
PREVENTION BETTER -THAN CURE.
ffl
m
ile;
rated-eithe
!  tu   hit
. Bel
peril
and ihedr-cipliu
of tl
<&%fk
SK —i5-J j>s
■ h!>x«--'00
k   flp *"2   2
•     ^L____jC     ~
w
^ ■wymiS'.'.Hi i,. uj.|.i.>iuruiii»i nuncio
Parncliite- .], man.I the ("overnmciit In
Inland iu the franchise hill.
..(. , J)i-l.cs«-ps i~ di.-atistied and pioposcs
-^ England in b-half uf iu w canal.
.Frflian   meeting   al   Chicago.     Cougru
1. inert}*, hoped the dviinrm>r. would blow
lion off the face of the earth.  —
Bishop Fitzgerald is dead.
gei» A clue* vtise ments.
iclilde
,; -
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owned no propcrlv : thev lived "ii aim-, and the
vo.ing .Martin, to'break'hi- pride. ..Vil. s,., [,, il,r
lowest drudge;-, in the house, and was sent about
th.- town lo* beg.    Luther,   however,   ilung him-
. self wilh enthusiasm   into tin- severest   penance.;
i lb-fasted, he prayed, he lay on th •-.<,,!.
of his ronfessions.     The eomm n'i ausle.*t..-s fail-
ing. he-took to hair  shirts and  whips, and Ihe
- brethren   suppled that thev had a growing -ain;
among them.    To himself llu-s,. resources availed
nothing     The   temper   which In   hoped '.o drive
out of  himself  clung to hi in  in spite of all pre-
i scribed   remedies.     Hut still   he persevered :   the
! novitiate ended, nnd he took   the vows  mid In -
! came full monk and priest.    His father attended
' the ceremony.though iu no pleasant humor. '.'You
learned  reel..'' said  he at Ahe convent dinner,
•'have you never read that a  man  should oVy
his father and mother ?"    They told him hi- soil
hid received a call from   heaven.     •' l'rav ('od,"
the old   man answered. " it be not a trick of the
devil."
Two years passed awav. i.uther occupied
himself with eagerly studying tlic Ilible. but his
reading would not paeifv his restless eonseien-
ttoUMMtS. Tie ViiarCeneral of the Order,
Father Staupiu. .-. wise. ppm-minded man. saw
him, heard .{lis confessions, and nmleistood them.
He perceived that his mind w:w preying upon il-
si If. and that he required to he taken out of llilll-
s. If by active employment.
The Elector Frederick. Frederick the Wise. IIS
. 11-1:11_-11i -11■ 1 fiom his brother und his nephew,
lee, lately founded a university at Wittenberg, a
considerable town on the Kibe. The Augu-tin
iaiis had an alllliated house in Witlcnb-rg, and
Staupit-* transferreit I.uther thither to teach theo
logy and philosophy.
Luther was now   twenty live,  and  there is a
llU'tJl.H
are not!   Theprincipi;
1 requires no argument to sustain
the jircvention of crime'is of more
nee than its punishment.    Piffer-
opinion may exist, as to the best
of preventing the
r   (
must be.   Tlic issues Ike/too great, hoi
ever, to he measured by a pounds, s*'
liDgs and pence standard ; They mus
guaged by final results which no r
can see, for these will reach into the v
and unseen futuYe.
Let us have a Reformatory, or an Industrial school, or a Training School, ~
some institution of the kind, by whi
ever name it may he called.
I.i;  us have a compulsory Educat
1    apply to Si. John's and Hart
but i
denv the
g.tpo
- hi-l
JflARTIN LUTHER
JUST RECEIVED.
Hi Barn-Is, Hi
oipj--
t kcifiiiK APPLES,
At BOWMAN'S,
FOR SALE.
Sthr. IRE\E—65 Tons.
^Schr. A. J. 0—50 Toils.
-Sehr. I3iDlSTRY-50Tojis.
Schooner WILLIE—iO Tons.
Schooner SCSA\—50* Tons.
Schooner PATHFIXbER—29 Tons.
, EDWTlii'DUDER.
P. ROGERSON & SON,
/ 20 Barrels
her. lis:;, came into the world at Ki. leben. his
first-horn son. Martin.
Six months later, still following his mining
work. Hiuis moved his family lo ."^insticld. i
few mile- dNtiail. in u valley .-in th- slope.sof the
Iltut/. MouiuMint. Meeoutinued4o prosper. He
worked luin-eli with his pick in the. mine -hafts.
The wife c-it m.d carried wood foe the cottuge.
Him., steadily rising, le-cmu* the proprietor of a
couple of smelting furnaces: iu 1491. he became
one oi ill- four Church elders. Hedrew the at-
1,-nlioii of Coniit Man-th-M himself, who-eca-th-
.IO ditto CANADIAN ONIONS,
aarBOTII IX EXCELLENT ORPElt.
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ovetlitui:
t-'oiiX bv
;h-.mg Ihe village, mid was held in  high
1 by   iilm.    "Melanclhon.   who   knew   bom
Ita-s iii'i'l his wife, admired anil honored both of
Ib.m.
Their portraits wen- taken afterward by Cra-
raeh — the features of both expressing hoiu-slv,
piety and- clear intelligence. Martin was the
cidc'-'_o. m ven children; he was brought up
kindly, of course, but without special tenderness.
He. honored and loved his parents, as he was
bound to do. but he thought in his own later life
that tiny had b -u overhai -ll with him. He re
memberad that he had lx-en Ixaten more than
once for trifle... worsu than hi. fault deserved.
Of the village mhooh-, to which he was earlv
sent, liis reeeollei'tlons -were only painful. He
was leught lo read and write, ami there w.i- what
pretended to be an elementary,Latin class. But
the gchoolmosters of hi* cliild'hiood, he said, wcrc
ilers and tyrants; and the schools were little
A senw* of ormtinued wretchedness arid
inju-tiee weighed on him no long as he remained
there, and marie his childiiood miserable. But
he hum hav.- shown talents which encouraged
His falhctUo spare no cost on Ids Son's education
that I.U own sc:(*ty mean- would allow. When
he was fourteen.h<- was -lit to a more expensive
school at Magdeburg, and thence, after a \Var. to
ii still better -ehool el Kesciiadi, where he was
taught thoroue-hly well, aud his mind began to
open. Keligion. as with all supeiior la.l-. beeame
the first thought wilh him. He asked him-elf
what Ood was. what ho w-is, an'd what (Sod re-
quirtil him to do.
His promise was still great.    His  father, who
Erfurt, which was ihen th • !• •-f mii-
.,;■;'
ersily in Ocrmary.
observed and thought i
the tinder would scarcely I
the sparks which fell'up-.n
The air    '
thiol,
link  for themselves, iim\ electric
Ila-h'e-were playing   about   -hoe!   lightning, -till
fe-sed to be, and religion a- it wa- embodied in
the lives of church dignitaries and [iriests and
friar-, were in startling contrast, and the silence
with which the difference had been long observed
was being broken by malicious mockeries in the
KpitttoUr O'tsraroruin  Viroi-'iii'i.
In 1511. business of the Augiistiniaii Order rc-
i-uiriug that two of the brethnn from the
Klcctorate should he sent to Home, Luther was
chosen, with another monk, for the commission
There were no carriages in those days, or at least
none for humble inonks. He walked, and
was six weeks upon* the journey, being fed
and lodged at religions houses upon the' way.
He went full of hop. that in Home at least, 'in
the heait of Christendom, aud under the eve of
the vicegerent of Chri-t. he would find th, living
faith, which far off had grown cold and ^nil-
dewed. When he came in sight of the sacred
city, consecrated as it had been by the blood of
saints and martyrs, lie Hung h-m-c.f on hi- Unrein a lmr-t of emotion. His emotion und- him
exaggerate his disappointment. He, found a
splendid city, a splendid court, good outward
order, and careful political administration, lie
found art on its highest pinnacle of glory. But
il was I'ngnn Home; not Christian. The talk of
society was of Pope Alexmidcr the Sixth and the
llorgiiin infamies. .lulius. the reigainsj-Pontiff,
was just returning from the Venetian wars,
where he had led a storming party in per.-on into
a breach of a besieged city. The morals of the
Cardinals were a public jest. I.uther himself
heard an officiating priest at the altarVay scornfully.   *' Bread thou art,  and   bread   thou   —
ain
nonym of fool,   lit- was, perhaps, an imperfect
*' **l obscrvec*      *
month.
indelible.
nr a hund
have missed tho sight of. Home. I migYit bav
bought else, that I did the Pope an injustice."
He returned to Wittenberg convinced, prol-ab-
ly, that Pones and Cardinals were no dispensable
parts of the Church of Christ, but still with nolh
ing of the spirit of a rabel In him. n,nd he Hung
himself into his work with enthusiasm. His
sermons became famous. He preached with an
energy of conviction upon sin and atonement ;
— human worthle—ne-s. aud the mercy and grae
mainest."   The very n:
synonym of fool.   Ho
indge of what he ob
in the city only a month.   But the impressii
what he observed, ai
fre-h through his own heart from the Kpislles of
il. Ills look, his manner, his "qpmoni'ac
hrilllant black with a yollo-,.- rim around
of the Almightv; his impassioned words drawn
' "--rough his
.    tlis
eyes,"  brilliant
tbo .i.j. like a lion's, were startling mid impressive. People said. " this monk had strange
Ideas " The Elector heard film once and took
notice. The ..lector's chaplain and S-erctary,*
Spalatin, tx-enme his in'imate friend.
From  1512 tt) 1517 he remain".! busy a! Wit-
•mberg, little di
leader of a hpirinial revolution. It was enough
for' him if he would walk uprightly along tin-
line of his own private duty. The impuls • wilh
him. asywilh all great men, came from wt^iout.
{To he continue,'/.y   _.
ot' preventing it, it" possible. To prevent
crime then, we must deal with tl c
wrong-doer, lit the earliest possible period
ef his wrong-doing. Jhe " hardened criminal " is beyond ouWeach, Unfortn-j
natcly there is little, oiUio hope, of converting him to ways of truth and honesty:
but on the other hand there is the certainty that his influence for evil will bo
felt by those moro youthful nnd less
hardened. Youth is supple arid susceptible of training, and unfortunately there
is ,'i class of youth in the community
whose only training is bad- To a very
considerable extent the.parents are^re-
sponsiblc, but unless under a. system of
compulsory education, these parents cannot be reached arid punished for their
neglect. Tn a former article we pointed
1 out that the Magistrates had to choose
the lesser of the two evils in dealing with
youthful criminals: thcy Had to let the
j crime go'unpunished. or they had to
condign the youthful wrong-doer to tile
I penitentiary, whore he associates with
| hardened criminals. If the latter, course
were adopted (as it has been in somo'in-
I stances) tho youth was cut off' from all
j humanizing influences, herded with cri-
I mijials of riper years, and small roo n
1 exists for doubt, that he will catch the
contagion and become as bad or worse
than his associates^'There arc even now
a number of children in this city—far
more than is supposed—who are born
and reared under the shadow of crime.
What tvo want then is the power to deal
with the child (and his parents) when
he lirst turns aside from the path of rectitude. Within the past few years fet.
John's has become moro of a capital and
centre than it has been. Numbers of the
poorer claiies from the outlying settlements have been attracted by the promise of Railway and I)ock work. Some
have obtained remunerative employment, are far bottor off than they wero
in their oldjiomes, but many have suffered the pangs of disappointment, and
are irr infinitely worse plight than thcy
ever were before. Parental neglect fol-
hMKS poverty in too many instances, and
juvenile offences arc the natural outcome
of parental neglect.
Our legislator? for years past have
been meeting session after session and
discussing the advantages of railways,
♦kicks, bridges, and extended stca n
communication, while, under their vory
noses, unattended to and unnoticed, was
a groat and growing evil effecting and infecting St. John's and tho whole Island.
Now what are our legislators going to
do about it ?
A calculation was made in the United
Btatqs in 1879, which revealed the fact
that in seventy-fivo years ono family of
illiterate paupers had produced 1200
criminals, paupers, and drunkards, and
that those had cost the countrv directly
one million of dollars. We take this
from an otiicjal roport made to <'ongre=<
mihI the figure? nre startling.
With us the evil ia iricrtaang every
y«a(-. It can be dealt with now with less
expense to the Government.than ncx,t
year, for tho longer thp remedy is- de,-
laycd the greater the cost of applying it
THE IMPRESSIONABLE, TmfRPItKfWTBLFr
AND IMPRUDEENT MR. MORINE.
Some weeks ago we were surfeited
with trashy letters and telegrams which
appeared in the Mercury in connection
with the coastal steamers. There \
one letter published from the F
Pilot which raised the ire of <
li I a ml ford, and he published a
Mr. Morine deduced from that repl
Captain Blandford whr^t was plain u
the face of it to cverys reader.
quired this imprudent friend (?) of'
Pilot's to put the deduction into pi
and unmistakable language, and 1
it with' :t vongeance. After the pul
had been nauseated with the dirty bus
ncss, it dropped, to tho reliof of ovoi „
body. .Now once more it is revived by
this young lad Morine. On a farmer oc*
casion wc rcquested-Mr. Ferneaux to repress the youth, as the general public did
not care a continental about the Rev. Mr.
Pilot.
Do,  please,  Mr.  F., keep the ;
man in order.
PERILS OF OF THE BEEP.
Report of Capt Fleming, schooner " 1
Bridget"
Left Lamalinc on the 10th November for
John's, with a full cargo of Hsh and oil, eonsl„
ed lo James It. Knight; Esq. the wind veering to
the .south and ensl, undbl.iwiuga gale, bore up for
Burin: left again at 12 o'clock on Thursday night,
and when in the neighborhood of Capo St. Jfary'a
on 1-Yidav afternoon* it commenced snowing, with
a gale of'wind from the eastward. Capt. Fleming dn-idcd to run for Burjn, and made Doddin
Head, about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, but.- the
snow was so blinding, and the violence of the
wind wan so great, he was afraid to venture -'further, end hnve to under a double reefed foresail. The sea was so high that tho ves-
sel was either almost buried or being swept,
and tln-4-rew became greatly alarmed for their
safety. It was then deemed" advisable to heave
the deck load overboard, constating of live casks
oil. etc.. together with some fifty fathonjis of
chain aud cable, and the water cask, having got
adrift were washed overboard, also an anchor,
but, all of no avail, it did not appear to help the
vessel very much, and the crew then commenced
getting tlie fish out and casting it<»ve.board.
Fortunately, at one o'clock in the night, the wind
began to'veer to the nocth, and veered steady until 11 o'clock Saturday morning, when wo made
sail for St. John's, being then 50 miles off Lama-
line. On Saturday the wind continued Mowing
a gale from the N. >'. West, with a very heavy
sea. On Sunday evening arrived at St." John's,
after suffering gnaj bartuhipft    \
SUPREME COURT.
SATt-iinAY, Nov. 24, 1883.
In th»matter of the ~*|
Will of Mary Squires, of j-
,   Manuel, deceased.      )
Before the lion, the Chief Justice, and
the Hon. Mr. Justice Pinsent, D.C.L.
Proceedings were taken to prove in
solemn form the last will of the said
Mary Squires, deceased, wliich was opposed by William Tobin, as Executor of
a former will. «
Mr. Carty in his evidence said that he
knew of a former will made by the deceased in tho month of Juno 1880,,ond of
another made in flic month of August
1S82. The latter wns drawn un by Mr.
Kent. Several codicils were added which
wero drawn up by Rev. Father Morris.
This will with the codicils was similar to
her last will. But wishing to embody
them in one sho deputed the deponent to
do so. This was in tho month of May*
last. Mrs. Squires at that time appeared
to be physically weak but sound in rftind
and memorv. He took notes of the^m an-
ner in whicli she wisWd to dispose"of her
property and prepared., the will in' St.
-iFohn's. He read tjio will over to. Mrs.
Squires after which she signed it in the
presence of Michael R. Creon and the
deponent. This was on tho twenty-
fourth day of May last. In this will all
former wills are revoked. Mr. Monro
and Win. Murphy were appointed exeqn-
torS.
The will pf I88& was admitted to probate. Messrs. (ireen, Emerson, and Carty
appeared for Wm. Murphy, E.vcfcutor*.
Messrs. Winter, Boone, and" Morison for
Mr. Kearney; and Messrs. McNi "
James Tobin, Wm. Tobin, Thos.
and Edward Sinnott and wife.